Implement Queue using Stacks

LeetCode #225

Description:

Implement the following operations of a stack using queues.

push(x) -- Push element x onto stack. pop() -- Removes the element on top of the stack. top() -- Get the top element. empty() -- Return whether the stack is empty. Notes: You must use only standard operations of a queue -- which means only push to back, peek/pop from front, size, and is empty operations are valid. Depending on your language, queue may not be supported natively. You may simulate a queue by using a list or deque (double-ended queue), as long as you use only standard operations of a queue. You may assume that all operations are valid (for example, no pop or top operations will be called on an empty stack).

Example:

Note

Idea:

用stack模拟queue。 Make DeQueue costly!! 对于用queue来模拟stack，两种方法差不多。 Method 2 is definitely better than method 1. Method 1 moves all the elements twice in enQueue operation, while method 2 (in deQueue operation) moves the elements once and moves elements only if stack2 empty.

Method 1 (By making enQueue operation costly) This method makes sure that oldest entered element is always at the top of stack 1, so that deQueue operation just pops from stack1. To put the element at top of stack1, stack2 is used.

enQueue(q, x)
  1) While stack1 is not empty, push everything from satck1 to stack2.
  2) Push x to stack1 (assuming size of stacks is unlimited).
  3) Push everything back to stack1.

dnQueue(q)
  1) If stack1 is empty then error
  2) Pop an item from stack1 and return it

Method 2 (By making deQueue operation costly)In this method, in en-queue operation, the new element is entered at the top of stack1. In de-queue operation, if stack2 is empty then all the elements are moved to stack2 and finally top of stack2 is returned.

enQueue(q,  x)
  1) Push x to stack1 (assuming size of stacks is unlimited).

deQueue(q)
  1) If both stacks are empty then error.
  2) If stack2 is empty
       While stack1 is not empty, push everything from stack1 to stack2.
  3) Pop the element from stack2 and return it.

Code:

DeQueue Costly!!

class MyQueue {
public:
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    MyQueue() {

    }

    /** Push element x to the back of queue. */
    void push(int x) {
        s1.push(x);
    }

    /** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */
    int pop() {
        if(s2.empty()){
            while(!s1.empty()){
                int val = s1.top();
                s1.pop();
                s2.push(val);
            }
        }
        int val2 = s2.top();
        s2.pop();
        return val2;
    }

    /** Get the front element. */
    int peek() {
        if(s2.empty()){
            while(!s1.empty()){
                int val = s1.top();
                s1.pop();
                s2.push(val);
            }
        }
        int val2 = s2.top();
        return val2;        

    }

    /** Returns whether the queue is empty. */
    bool empty() {
        return s1.empty()&&s2.empty();

    }
private:
    stack<int> s1, s2;
};

/**
 * Your MyQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyQueue obj = new MyQueue();
 * obj.push(x);
 * int param_2 = obj.pop();
 * int param_3 = obj.peek();
 * bool param_4 = obj.empty();
 */